Podcast tells of threat to Smokies bat population
GREAT SMOKY MOUNTAINS NATIONAL PARK - Bats play a significant role in the natural world and
this biological
function is being threatened by a disease that has
already killed off
millions of bats in the northeast United States. A
new podcast released by Great Smoky Mountains National Park
describes Park bat and cave
resources and the potential threat of the
often fatal disease known as
white-nose syndrome (WNS) to its bat
populations.
The in-depth podcast,
produced by Great Smoky Mountains
Association, is posted on the Park’s
website
here. In
addition, a new bat exhibit has been installed at the Park’s
Sugarlands
Visitor Center, giving visitors a chance to learn about these
often
misunderstood mammals.

“The educational materials
provide a wealth of information on bat
biology, their roosting and
foraging behavior, the potential implications
of WNS and what researchers
and biologists are doing to manage this threat,
as well as how the public
can help protect bats,” said Bill Stiver, Park
Wildlife
Biologist. The Park is home to at least 11 species of bats, a
primary group of
flying mammals that play a critical role in the health
of ecosystems by
consuming forest and agricultural crop insects—such as
moths, beetles and
mosquitoes. One of the species in the Park, the
Indiana bat, is federally
endangered and another, the Rafinesque’s
big-eared bat, is a state listed
species of concern in both Tennessee and
North Carolina.
In the winter of
2010, two little brown bats in a Park
cave tested positive for a
newly-described fungus, Geomyces destructans,
which is thought to be the
cause of WNS, a symptom that appears on the
faces of bats as a white frothy
substance. In an effort to
prevent the unintentional spread of the fungus by
people, the Park closed
all of its 16 caves and two mine complexes to
public entry in 2009. The
Park’s caves serve as important hibernacula
(place of rest) and the
closure is still in effect as researchers try to
understand how the
disease is being transmitted from bat to bat and from
cave to cave.
Violators face fines of up to $5,000 or six
months
imprisonment.
WNS was first detected in the Northeast in
2006 and is quickly
spreading south and has been found in cave systems as
far west as Oklahoma.
According to biologists from the U.S. Fish and
Wildlife Service, WNS is
taking a heavy toll on bats that hibernate in
caves and mines and has the
potential for wiping out federally-endangered
species such as the Indiana
bats and even more common species of bats
such as the little brown bat. Scientists theorize that the fungus
irritates the bats, making them
restless and causing them to wake early
burning precious fat reserves
needed during winter hibernation. They
speculate that the affected bats
could freeze to death or starve before
the insects on which they feed
emerge in the spring. There is still much
to be learned about WNS.
Fish
and Wildlife Service officials say that no
human illnesses related to the
disease have been documented, but humans
could certainly feel the effects
of losing entire bat species which help
to keep insect populations in
check. One little brown bat can eat up to
1,000 of those pesky mosquitoes
in one hour. The National
Park Service is taking an active role in developing
monitoring and
surveillance strategies and containment protocols for its
caves. The
Great Smoky Mountains National Park is cooperatively working
with other
parks and federal, local and state agencies across the country
to protect
bats and manage cave habitats.
Ongoing research in the
Smokies
includes monitoring bat populations in the winter during
hibernation and
tracking bats in the summer to determine habitat use. Park
biologists
are taking additional steps to better understand bat populations
and
their habitats to help officials identify potential impacts of
this
fungus on the Smokies resources. This winter biologists will test
other
bat species for the fungus. Park managers are also
asking visitors to help biologists monitor
bats by reporting unusual bat
behavior, appearing out of season, or one
that appears to be sick or
injured. For human safety, it is important not
to touch or handle a bat.
Reports on bat incidents inside the Park can be
made to the Park’s
visitor centers or a Park Ranger. Unusual bat activity
outside the Park
should be reported to state wildlife agencies.
Podcast emphasizes water safety and day hiking
The last of a three-part series of hiking safety podcasts for Great Smoky Mountains National Park is now available for viewing. Water Safety and Day Hiking is part of the recently launched program “Reward Yourself - Hike the Smokies Challenge”. The podcast, developed by Great Smoky Mountains Association, is a 4-minute video podcast that showcases the beautiful water resources in Great Smoky Mountains National Park and provides tips on safe water practices while hiking in the Park. The podcast can be viewed at http://thegreatsmokymountains.org/hike_smokies_challenge.
“We hope that this video will be another tool to help visitors have a safe and enjoyable experience in the Park’s backcountry. Hiking in the Smokies is not inherently dangerous, but there are incidents that can be prevented if people understand the potential risks that may occur in certain circumstances, particularly around streams and waterfalls,” said Cathleen Cook, Chief of Resource Education. “Understanding what the risks are in advance and how to prepare to avoid them will provide visitors with the information they need to make responsible and common-sense decisions when recreating in these natural settings,” she continued.
The Park’s backcountry is managed as a natural area where the forces of nature can create unexpected situations. When hiking, most of the Park’s trails involve stream crossings, many are bridged but others are not. When crossing streams, a simple matter of wearing sturdy, water proof hiking shoes and using a hiking stick can help prevent slipping on rocks. The video points out that these beautiful, inviting streams can be dangerous at times. They can become extremely hazardous after a heavy rainstorm; therefore it is not recommended to try and cross swift moving streams.
The video also highlights some of the hazards of recreating around waterfalls. The Park has some of the most beautiful waterfalls, and understandably these attract visitors. But, there have been several fatalities and numerous serious injuries at these locations. Mainly these accidents are associated with people climbing on slippery moss-covered rocks or swimming in pools at the base of the falls with powerful undercurrents that will pull swimmers under.
A good way to begin your Smokies experience is to view all three podcasts. These were designed to encourage visitors to get outdoors and exercise, but also to promote safe practices. The first podcast developed for this program is Day Hiking in the Smokies: Expect the Unexpected , a 5-minute video on weather and how to prepare and respond to potential weather extremes and the mountainous terrain. The second podcast is a 6-minute video on Day Hiking and Wildlife, informing the viewer of wildlife behavior, particularly black bears, and the appropriate responses and regulations to be followed by Park visitors.
The Association’s website also has an online bookstore which sells maps and trail guides and even first time starter kits, Park explorer kits, and backcountry hiker kits. Or when in the Park, stop at a visitor center to get the latest, most up-to-date information and pick up a Reward Yourself – Hike the Smokies Challenge pocket-sized booklet for $1.00. These booklets are available to help hikers keep a record of trail mileage. When a person has hiked 100 miles, 250 miles, and 500 miles, he/she can bring their mileage record to one of the three visitor centers to receive a mileage pin and be recorded in the “Hike the Smokies” 2010 web records. The challenge of the program is to keep track and record the mileage from each trail excursion, even if it is the same trail day after day.
This project was made possible in part by a grant from the National Park Foundation through the generous support of The Coca-Cola Foundation, a Proud Partner of America’s National Parks, and in cooperation with Great Smoky Mountains Association and Great Smoky Mountains National Park.
Hike the Smokies video teaches bear safety
A video podcast, Day Hiking and Wildlife, associated with
the recently launched program “Reward Yourself - Hike the Smokies
Challenge”, is now available for viewing.
This 6-minute podcast is the
second of a three-part series on hiking safety and informs the viewer
of wildlife behavior, particularly black bears, and the appropriate
responses and regulations to be followed by Park visitors. The podcast,
developed by Great Smoky Mountains Association, is attractively done
and illustrated with beautiful footage of the Smoky Mountains and
wildlife, and can be viewed at the Hike the Smokies Challenge webpage.
The chance of seeing wildlife in the backcountry is one of the
exciting things about hiking, but it is important to understand the
rules and regulations and proper etiquette for a safe and rewarding
experience when visiting. The video podcast is an indepth educational
piece about bear country and sets up practical advice and emphasizes
park regulations for keeping bears wild and away from people and
developed areas. Kim Delozier, the park’s chief wildlife biologist, is
featured in the podcast and emphasizes the responses people should make
and actions to take if encountered by a bear on a trail.
Avoiding bear problems always starts with keeping food and garbage away
from bears. Once bears obtain human food, they lose their fear of
people and can cause problems or pose risks to people. Never feed bears
or discard of food scraps such as fruit rinds along a trail.
Backcountry users should never approach bears and always keep a safe
distance. It is required that people do not approach within 50 yards or
closer or any distance that displaces or disturbs a bear. “If the
animal changes its behavior, e.g. stops feeding or changes directions,
you are too close,” explains Delozier. He continued, “Human/bear
conflicts have resulted in people getting injured, but if you follow
the advice of how to respond to bear encounters provided in the video,
you will minimize your chances of being harmed and maximize the chances
of the bear keeping wild and away from people.”
“We hope that this video will be another tool to help hikers safely
observe wildlife in its natural habitat which is one of the privileges
we gain by preserving this great landscape for all to enjoy,” said
Cathleen Cook, Chief of Resource Education.
Reward Yourself – Hike the Smokies Challenge is a program to encourage
visitors to get outdoors and exercise while also discovering the
natural beauty of the Smokies. The challenge is to keep track and
record the mileage from each trail excursion, even if it is the same
trail day after day. Pocket-sized booklets to record mileage are
available for $1.00 at the park’s three visitor centers. As a
recreational benefit, when a person has “hiked” 100 miles, 250 miles,
and 500 miles, he/she can bring their mileage record to one of the
three visitor centers to receive a mileage pin and be recorded in the
“Hike the Smokies” 2010 web records.
The first podcast developed for this program is Day Hiking in the Smokies: Expect the Unexpected, a 5-minute video on weather and how to prepare and respond to potential weather extremes and the mountainous terrain.
This project was made possible in part by a grant from the National
Park Foundation through the generous support of The Coca-Cola
Foundation, a Proud Partner of America’s National Parks, and in
cooperation with Great Smoky Mountains Association and Great Smoky
Mountains National Park.
Firewood restrictions now include neighboring counties
GREAT SMOKY MOUNTAINS NATIONAL PARK - Great Smoky Mountains National Park has
announced that its current policy to prohibit the transportation of
firewood from federal and state quarantined areas into the Park has been
tightened to include several neighboring counties in Tennessee. The
affected areas, Blount, Knox,Anderson, Loudon and Union, and the most
recent county just added to the list, Grainger, have been quarantined by
either the state or federal government to prevent the movement of the
destructive emerald ash borer (EAB) and thousand cankers disease (TCD),
an associated fungal disease transmitted by a small twig
beetle.
These state and federal regulations allow the movement of
firewood within a quarantined county and between one quarantined county
and another. In an effort to protect the world-renowned biodiversity of
the Smokies, Park regulations go a step further and prohibit visitors
from bringing wood from any infested county into any part of the Park,
unless the wood was purchased and bears a U.S. Department of Agriculture
(USDA) pest-free certification seal. This restriction includes bringing
wood from Blount County into the Park, including those areas such as
Cades Cove, Look Rock, and Abrams Creek which lie within Blount County.
Movement of infested firewood has been implicated in the spread of
destructive insects and diseases into urban and natural areas which has
caused significant mortality among numerous tree species.
“Visitors who come to enjoy camping in the national park should
be extremely cautious with the source of wood that they use for
their campfires to help protect the Park’s great biodiversity of plants
andanimals,” said Park Superintendent Dale
Ditmanson. Campers have four options for burning firewood in
the Park: First, firewood can be purchased from local businesses that
sell firewood bundles bearing USDA seals certifying that the wood may be
transported safely. A second option is to purchase firewood from a Park
concessioner at any of the three largest campgrounds in the Park—Cades
Cove, Elkmont, and Smokemont. A third option is to use cut timber that
is kiln-dried, finished and from which the bark was removed during the
milling process.Though the National Park Service discourages the
movement of firewood from one location to another, a fourth option
includes bringing wood into the Park from a non-quarantined area.
Visitors can reduce the risk of transporting destructive insects by using
only dry, non-rotten wood with the bark removed.
This
significant forest health problem stems from raw wood that is taken from
trees that are stressed, diseased, or insect-ridden for firewood use,
which frequently will contain wood pests that may have contributed to its
demise. The presence of bark on wood increases the ability for
wood pests to thrive. Yard trees are often used as firewood and could
harbor these fatal organisms. Biological invasions of
nonnative organisms are the Park’s number one resource threat to its
forests and associated ecosystems. In addition to the most recent
invasive species that have made their way to just beyond Park boundaries,
there are several other known pests that are hitching a ride in firewood
and moving around the states.
According to the U.S.Department of
Agriculture Animal and Plant Health Inspection Service (APHIS) Risk
Assessment there are eight organisms that have prompted federal and state
quarantines that include the EAB, Asian longhorned beetle, gypsy moth,
pine shoot beetle, sudden oak death, sirex wood wasp, hemlock woolly
adelgid, and the European larch canker. These have already killed
millions of trees in areas that they have infiltrated. The EAB and
TCD are originally from Asia but have been accidentally introduced to
North America. They were first discovered in Tennessee in 2010. Neither
EAB or TCD has been found yet in the Park. The tree species at risk if
these were to enter the Park are ash (EAB), black walnut and butternut
trees (TCD). The Park has been working closely with federal and state
plant protection agencies to educate the public about risks associated
with the transportation of firewood. Numerous stakeholders representing
federal, state, private forestry, and academia are joining together to
develop a national strategy to mitigate the risks associated with
movement of firewood, including a highly charged public
education campaign. For more information on the insect and
disease threats and firewood issue, including a current list of
quarantined areas, visit the Park’swebsite at
www.nps.gov/grsm.