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Podcast tells of threat to Smokies bat population

GREAT SMOKY MOUNTAINS NATIONAL PARK - Bats play a significant role in the natural world and this biological function is being threatened by a disease that has already killed off millions of bats in the northeast United States. A new podcast released by Great Smoky Mountains National Park describes Park bat and cave resources and the potential threat of the often fatal disease known as white-nose syndrome (WNS) to its bat populations.

The in-depth podcast, produced by Great Smoky Mountains Association, is posted on the Park’s website here. In addition, a new bat exhibit has been installed at the Park’s Sugarlands Visitor Center, giving visitors a chance to learn about these often misunderstood mammals.

Bat exhibit at Sugarlands. (NPS)“The educational materials provide a wealth of information on bat biology, their roosting and foraging behavior, the potential implications of WNS and what researchers and biologists are doing to manage this threat, as well as how the public can help protect bats,” said Bill Stiver, Park Wildlife Biologist. The Park is home to at least 11 species of bats, a primary group of flying mammals that play a critical role in the health of ecosystems by consuming forest and agricultural crop insects—such as moths, beetles and mosquitoes. One of the species in the Park, the Indiana bat, is federally endangered and another, the Rafinesque’s big-eared bat, is a state listed species of concern in both Tennessee and North Carolina.

In the winter of 2010, two little brown bats in a Park cave tested positive for a newly-described fungus, Geomyces destructans, which is thought to be the cause of WNS, a symptom that appears on the faces of bats as a white frothy substance. In an effort to prevent the unintentional spread of the fungus by people, the Park closed all of its 16 caves and two mine complexes to public entry in 2009. The Park’s caves serve as important hibernacula (place of rest) and the closure is still in effect as researchers try to understand how the disease is being transmitted from bat to bat and from cave to cave.  Violators face fines of up to $5,000 or six months imprisonment.

WNS was first detected in the Northeast in 2006 and is quickly spreading south and has been found in cave systems as far west as Oklahoma. According to biologists from the U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service, WNS is taking a heavy toll on bats that hibernate in caves and mines and has the potential for wiping out federally-endangered species such as the Indiana bats and even more common species of bats such as the little brown bat. Scientists theorize that the fungus irritates the bats, making them restless and causing them to wake early burning precious fat reserves needed during winter hibernation. They speculate that the affected bats could freeze to death or starve before the insects on which they feed emerge in the spring.  There is still much to be learned about WNS.

Fish and Wildlife Service officials say that no human illnesses related to the disease have been documented, but humans could certainly feel the effects of losing entire bat species which help to keep insect populations in check. One little brown bat can eat up to 1,000 of those pesky mosquitoes in one hour. The National Park Service is taking an active role in developing monitoring and surveillance strategies and containment protocols for its caves. The Great Smoky Mountains National Park is cooperatively working with other parks and federal, local and state agencies across the country to protect bats and manage cave habitats.

Ongoing research in the Smokies includes monitoring bat populations in the winter during hibernation and tracking bats in the summer to determine habitat use. Park biologists are taking additional steps to better understand bat populations and their habitats to help officials identify potential impacts of this fungus on the Smokies resources. This winter biologists will test other bat species for the fungus. Park managers are also asking visitors to help biologists monitor bats by reporting unusual bat behavior, appearing out of season, or one that appears to be sick or injured. For human safety, it is important not to touch or handle a bat.  Reports on bat incidents inside the Park can be made to the Park’s visitor centers or a Park Ranger. Unusual bat activity outside the Park should be reported to state wildlife agencies.


Podcast emphasizes water safety and day hiking

The last of a three-part series of hiking safety podcasts for Great Smoky Mountains National Park is now available for viewing.  Water Safety and Day Hiking is part of the recently launched program “Reward Yourself - Hike the Smokies Challenge”.  The podcast, developed by Great Smoky Mountains Association, is a 4-minute video podcast that showcases the beautiful water resources in Great Smoky Mountains National Park and provides tips on safe water practices while hiking in the Park.  The podcast can be viewed at http://thegreatsmokymountains.org/hike_smokies_challenge. 

Using a hiking stick while crossing streams can help prevent a fall. (NPS)“We hope that this video will be another tool to help visitors have a safe and enjoyable experience in the Park’s backcountry.  Hiking in the Smokies is not inherently dangerous, but there are incidents that can be prevented if people understand the potential risks that may occur in certain circumstances, particularly around streams and waterfalls,” said Cathleen Cook, Chief of Resource Education.   “Understanding what the risks are in advance and how to prepare to avoid them will provide visitors with the information they need to make responsible and common-sense decisions when recreating in these natural settings,” she continued.

The Park’s backcountry is managed as a natural area where the forces of nature can create unexpected situations.  When hiking, most of the Park’s trails involve stream crossings, many are bridged but others are not.  When crossing streams, a simple matter of wearing sturdy, water proof hiking shoes and using a hiking stick can help prevent slipping on rocks.  The video points out that these beautiful, inviting streams can be dangerous at times.  They can become extremely hazardous after a heavy rainstorm; therefore it is not recommended to try and cross swift moving streams.

The video also highlights some of the hazards of recreating around waterfalls.  The Park has some of the most beautiful waterfalls, and understandably these attract visitors.   But, there have been several fatalities and numerous serious injuries at these locations.  Mainly these accidents are associated with people climbing on slippery moss-covered rocks or swimming in  pools at the base of the falls with powerful undercurrents that will pull swimmers under.    

A good way to begin your Smokies experience is to view all three podcasts.  These were designed to encourage visitors to get outdoors and exercise, but also to promote safe practices.  The first podcast developed for this program is Day Hiking in the Smokies: Expect the Unexpected , a 5-minute video on weather and how to prepare and respond to potential weather extremes and the mountainous terrain.   The second podcast is a 6-minute video on Day Hiking and Wildlife, informing the viewer of wildlife behavior, particularly black bears, and the appropriate responses and regulations to be followed by Park visitors.

The Association’s website also has an online bookstore which sells maps and trail guides and even first time starter kits, Park explorer kits, and backcountry hiker kits.  Or when in the Park, stop at a visitor center to get the latest, most up-to-date information and pick up a Reward Yourself – Hike the Smokies Challenge pocket-sized booklet for $1.00.  These booklets are available to help hikers keep a record of trail mileage.  When a person has hiked 100 miles, 250 miles, and 500 miles, he/she can bring their mileage record to one of the three visitor centers to receive a mileage pin and be recorded in the “Hike the Smokies” 2010 web records.  The challenge of the program is to keep track and record the mileage from each trail excursion, even if it is the same trail day after day.    

This project was made possible in part by a grant from the National Park Foundation through the generous support of The Coca-Cola Foundation, a Proud Partner of America’s National Parks, and in cooperation with Great Smoky Mountains Association and Great Smoky Mountains National Park.

Hike the Smokies video teaches bear safety

A video podcast, Day Hiking and Wildlife, associated with the recently launched program “Reward Yourself - Hike the Smokies Challenge”, is now available for viewing.

This 6-minute podcast is the second of a three-part series on hiking safety and informs the viewer of wildlife behavior, particularly black bears, and the appropriate responses and regulations to be followed by Park visitors. The podcast, developed by Great Smoky Mountains Association, is attractively done and illustrated with beautiful footage of the Smoky Mountains and wildlife, and can be viewed at the Hike the Smokies Challenge webpage.

The chance of seeing wildlife in the backcountry is one of the exciting things about hiking, but it is important to understand the rules and regulations and proper etiquette for a safe and rewarding experience when visiting. The video podcast is an indepth educational piece about bear country and sets up practical advice and emphasizes park regulations for keeping bears wild and away from people and developed areas. Kim Delozier, the park’s chief wildlife biologist, is featured in the podcast and emphasizes the responses people should make and actions to take if encountered by a bear on a trail.  
 
Avoiding bear problems always starts with keeping food and garbage away from bears. Once bears obtain human food, they lose their fear of people and can cause problems or pose risks to people. Never feed bears or discard of food scraps such as fruit rinds along a trail. Backcountry users should never approach bears and always keep a safe distance. It is required that people do not approach within 50 yards or closer or any distance that displaces or disturbs a bear. “If the animal changes its behavior, e.g. stops feeding or changes directions, you are too close,” explains Delozier. He continued, “Human/bear conflicts have resulted in people getting injured, but if you follow the advice of how to respond to bear encounters provided in the video, you will minimize your chances of being harmed and maximize the chances of the bear keeping wild and away from people.” 

“We hope that this video will be another tool to help hikers safely observe wildlife in its natural habitat which is one of the privileges we gain by preserving this great landscape for all to enjoy,” said Cathleen Cook, Chief of Resource Education. 
 
Reward Yourself – Hike the Smokies Challenge is a program to encourage visitors to get outdoors and exercise while also discovering the natural beauty of the Smokies. The challenge is to keep track and record the mileage from each trail excursion, even if it is the same trail day after day. Pocket-sized booklets to record mileage are available for $1.00 at the park’s three visitor centers. As a recreational benefit, when a person has “hiked” 100 miles, 250 miles, and 500 miles, he/she can bring their mileage record to one of the three visitor centers to receive a mileage pin and be recorded in the “Hike the Smokies” 2010 web records.
 
The first podcast developed for this program is Day Hiking in the Smokies: Expect the Unexpected, a 5-minute video on weather and how to prepare and respond to potential weather extremes and the mountainous terrain.  
 
This project was made possible in part by a grant from the National Park Foundation through the generous support of The Coca-Cola Foundation, a Proud Partner of America’s National Parks, and in cooperation with Great Smoky Mountains Association and Great Smoky Mountains National Park.




Firewood restrictions now include neighboring counties

GREAT SMOKY MOUNTAINS NATIONAL PARK - Great Smoky Mountains National Park has announced that its current policy to prohibit the transportation of firewood from federal and state quarantined areas into the Park has been tightened to include several neighboring counties in Tennessee.  The affected areas, Blount, Knox,Anderson, Loudon and Union, and the most recent county just added to the list, Grainger, have been quarantined by either the state or federal government to prevent the movement of the destructive emerald ash borer (EAB) and thousand cankers disease (TCD), an associated fungal disease transmitted by a small twig beetle.

These state and federal regulations allow the movement of firewood within a quarantined county and between one quarantined county and another. In an effort to protect the world-renowned biodiversity of the Smokies, Park regulations go a step further and prohibit visitors from bringing wood from any infested county into any part of the Park, unless the wood was purchased and bears a U.S. Department of Agriculture (USDA) pest-free certification seal.  This restriction includes bringing wood from Blount County into the Park, including those areas such as Cades Cove, Look Rock, and Abrams Creek which lie within Blount County.  Movement of infested firewood has been implicated in the spread of destructive insects and diseases into urban and natural areas which has caused significant mortality among numerous tree species.

“Visitors who come to enjoy camping in the national park should be extremely cautious with the source of wood that they use for their campfires to help protect the Park’s great biodiversity of plants andanimals,” said Park Superintendent Dale Ditmanson. Campers have four options for burning firewood in the Park:  First, firewood can be purchased from local businesses that sell firewood bundles bearing USDA seals certifying that the wood may be transported safely.  A second option is to purchase firewood from a Park concessioner at any of the three largest campgrounds in the Park—Cades Cove, Elkmont, and Smokemont.  A third option is to use cut timber that is kiln-dried, finished and from which the bark was removed during the milling process.Though the National Park Service discourages the movement of firewood from one location to another, a fourth option includes bringing wood into the Park from a non-quarantined area.  Visitors can reduce the risk of transporting destructive insects by using only dry, non-rotten wood with the bark removed.

This significant forest health problem stems from raw wood that is taken from trees that are stressed, diseased, or insect-ridden for firewood use, which frequently will contain wood pests that may have contributed to its demise.  The presence of bark on wood increases the ability for wood pests to thrive.  Yard trees are often used as firewood and could harbor these fatal organisms. Biological invasions of nonnative organisms are the Park’s number one resource threat to its forests and associated ecosystems.  In addition to the most recent invasive species that have made their way to just beyond Park boundaries, there are several other known pests that are hitching a ride in firewood and moving around the states.

According to the U.S.Department of Agriculture Animal and Plant Health Inspection Service (APHIS) Risk Assessment there are eight organisms that have prompted federal and state quarantines that include the EAB, Asian longhorned beetle, gypsy moth, pine shoot beetle, sudden oak death, sirex wood wasp, hemlock woolly adelgid, and the European larch canker.  These have already killed millions of trees in areas that they have infiltrated. The EAB and TCD are originally from Asia but have been accidentally introduced to North America.  They were first discovered in Tennessee in 2010.  Neither EAB or TCD has been found yet in the Park.  The tree species at risk if these were to enter the Park are ash (EAB), black walnut and butternut trees (TCD).  The Park has been working closely with federal and state plant protection agencies to educate the public about risks associated with the transportation of firewood.  Numerous stakeholders representing federal, state, private forestry, and academia are joining together to develop a national strategy to mitigate the risks associated with movement of firewood, including a highly charged public education campaign. For more information on the insect and disease threats and firewood issue, including a current list of quarantined areas, visit the Park’swebsite at www.nps.gov/grsm.

Smoky Mountain Outdoor Activities

Adventure Golf 2925 Parkway, Pigeon Forge, TN 37863 (865) 453-9233

Amazing Mirror Maze
919 Parkway, Gatlinburg, TN 37738 (865) 436-4415

Big Find Gem Mine 2754 Georgia Road, Franklin, NC 28734 (828) 524-8931

Black Bear Tours 3851 Katelyns Lane, Sevierville, TN 37876 (865) 428-1105

Blue Ridge Corn Maze
570 Everett Rd., Pisgah Forest, NC 28768 (828) 884-4415

Cades Cove Riding Stables 10018 Campground Drive, Townsend, TN 37882 (865) 448-9009

Carolina Outfitters 715 U.S. Hwy. 19, Topton, NC 28781 (800) 468-7238

Cataloochee Ski Area 1080 Ski Lodge Rd., Maggie Valley, NC 28751 (828) 926-0285

Fantasy Golf 3263 Parkway, Pigeon Forge, TN 37863 (865) 428-7079

Forbidden Caverns 455 Blowing Cave Rd., Sevierville, TN 37876 (865) 453-5972

Gem Mine of Pigeon Forge 2861 Parkway, Pigeon Forge, TN 37863 (865) 453-4646

Great Smoky Mountains Railroad 225 Everett St., Bryson City, NC 28713 (828) 586-8811

Hillbilly Golf 340 Parkway, Gatlinburg, TN 37738 (865) 436-7470

Linville Caverns 19929 U.S. 221 North, Marion, NC 28752 (800) 419-0540

Lost Treasure Golf 3010 Parkway, Pigeon Forge, TN 37863 (865) 453-0307

North Carolina Arboretum 100 Frederick Law Olmstead Way, Asheville, NC 28806 (828) 665-2492

Ober Gatlinburg Ski Resort 1001 Parkway, Gatlinburg, TN 37738 (865) 436-5423

Off Road Voyages 385 East Parkway, Gatlinburg, TN 37738 (865) 436-3829

Pigeon Forge Mining Co. 1430 Hurley Dr., Sevierville, TN 37862 (865) 774-2031

Rafting in the Smokies 376 East Parkway, Gatlinburg, TN 37738 (865) 436-8676

River Rage Tubing & Kayak Rentals 8307 State Hwy. 73, Townsend, TN 37882 (865) 448-8000

River Rat Tubing & Kayaking 205 Wears Valley Rd., Townsend, TN 37882 (865) 448-8888

Smoky Mountain Gold & Ruby Mine 971 Tsali Blvd., Cherokee, NC 28719 (828) 497-6574

Smoky Mountain Jet Boats 22 Needmore Rd., Bryson City, NC 28713 (828) 488-0522

Sugarlands Riding Stable 1409 East Parkway, Gatlinburg, TN 37738 (865) 436-3535

Tuckaleechee Caverns 825 Cavern Rd., Townsend, TN 37882 (865) 448-2274

Tuckaseegee Outfitters 4909 Hwy. 74, Whittier, NC 28789 (828) 586-5050

Waterfalls Tour 303 Liz Reece Rd., Rosman, NC 28772 (828) 884-8982

Western North Carolina Nature Center 75 Gashes Creek Rd., Asheville, NC 28805 (828) 298-5600



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